Section 02 · Monograph
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Reviewed Nov 2026FDA label
supplementVitamin supplement
- Forms
- Tab/Cap: 100, 400mg
- Dose
- 400mg once daily (prevention)
- MOA
- Supports mitochondrial energy metabolism
Indications
- Dietary supplement used for migraine prevention (AAN/AHS Level B evidence; not an FDA-approved drug)FDA-labeled
- Riboflavin deficiencyFDA-labeled
Mechanism of Action
- Precursor of FMN and FAD cofactors supporting mitochondrial energy metabolism; may offset impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reported in migraine
Full Dosing
Adult / usual
- 400mg once daily for at least 3 months before judging benefit
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity (rare)
Drug Interactions
- Alcohol reduces absorption
- Phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants may inhibit conversion to active coenzymes
Adverse Effects
- Bright yellow-orange urine (harmless)
- Diarrhea and polyuria (uncommon)
Monitoring Parameters
- Headache diary to assess response at about 3 months
Pregnancy & Lactation
- Safe at recommended dietary amounts; discuss high-dose use with the obstetric provider
- Compatible with breastfeeding